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KMID : 1001320190460030203
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Social Welfare Policy
2019 Volume.46 No. 3 p.203 ~ p.227
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Risk Distribution in Korea and Social security Support
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Lee Sang-Eun
Jeong Chan-Mi
Kim Hee-Chan
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Abstract
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This study intends to identify the social security support level according to the characteristics of risk distribution in terms of the possibility of future loss of income, and to predict the level and direction of social security support level in Korea in the future. For this goal, we analyzed the characteristics of Korea's risk distribution and its changes. We calculated the unemployment rates by industrial and occupational status by using the data from the survey of the economically active population and applied them as potential risks for the future of individuals. Risk distributions in 1996, 1998, 2006, 2008, and 2016 are compared to see changes in risk distribution. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between social risk distribution and social security support level to identify if social risks also affect social security support level in Korea. For this goal, the data from 2016 Korea General Social Survey are analyzed. The major analysis results are as follows.
First, most of South Korea's risk distribution, analyzed in terms of exposure to future risks, belong to the low risk group, also suggest that social security support level may be small across society. Second, in terms of changes in the risk distribution, it suggests the overall risk exposure has increased, according to IMF risk, leading to an increase in social security support level. In 1998 to 2016 after IMF crisis, the level of risk is reduced and the difference of risk distribution is also large in the form of risk distribution and inequality, which seems to have a negative impact on social security support level. Third, the analysis of the relationship between social risk and social security support showed that social risk had a statistically significant level of positive (+) effect on social security support level.
The facts that a majority, especially middle ranking voters belong to the low risk, and the difference of risk got bigger even though the risk level got lower after IMF risk, suggest some negative aspects of Korea's social security support level. However, since many Koreans experiencing the possibility of increased risk at the same time during the IMF crisis, those who belong to low risk may have a great anxiety about the future. Also, considering the relatively high sense of community in Korean society, it is hard to predict that social security support level will be lowered in Korea.
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KEYWORD
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risk distribution, social security, unemployment probability
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